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New words:

skim [skɪm]

v. 略读;快速浏览(文章)
v. 掠过;擦过;滑过
v. 撇去(牛奶等表面浮物)

详细词源拆解:

源自古法语,本义 “撇去液体表面浮沫、掠过表面”;
引申出两层核心义:快速浏览(阅读)、掠过;撇去。

词汇家族

skim(v. 略读;掠过)→ skimming(n. 略读;脱脂)

必记高频搭配

skim through 快速浏览;略读

I skim through the passage to get its main general idea quickly.

skim a book 略读一本书

You can skim this book when you have little free spare time.

skim over 掠过;滑过

Swallows often skim over water when they hunt for small flying insects.

skim off 撇去;去除

We skim off fat from soup to make our daily meals much healthier.

skimming (n. 略读)

Skimming is a useful skill for middle‑school English reading tests.

关键使用提醒

  1. 阅读必考点:skim(略读抓大意) vs scan(扫读找细节),完形 / 阅读高频辨析。
  2. 常用短语:skim through / skim over 快速浏览。
  3. 变形:过去式 / 过去分词 skimmed,现在分词 skimming

New words:

frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/

adj. 频繁的;时常发生的;屡次的
v. 常去;经常出入(某地)

详细词源拆解:

词根 frequ- 多、拥挤、大量 + 后缀 ‑ent;
本义 “次数多、经常出现”,引申为频繁的、时常的;常去、出入。

词汇家族

frequent(adj. 频繁的;v. 常去)
→ frequently(adv. 频繁地)
→ frequency(n. 频率;次数)
→ infrequent(adj. 不常发生的;罕见的)

必记高频搭配

frequent visits 频繁的拜访

He makes frequent visits to the old people’s home nearby.

frequent a place 常去某地

Many students frequent the library after finishing daily classes.

frequently (adv. 频繁地)

We should frequently communicate with our family members.

frequency (n. 频率)

The frequency of exams makes students improve their learning skills.

infrequent(adj. 不常发生的;罕见的;偶尔的)

Infrequent rain brings dry weather to this northern city.

关键使用提醒

  1. 一词两性:形容词读 /ˈfriːkwənt/;动词重读第二音节 /frɪˈkwent/。
  2. 写作高级替换:用 frequent 替换 often,提升句式高级感。
  3. 反义词:infrequent 罕见的、不常有的,阅读常考。

New words:

precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ n. 预防措施;防备;预先警惕、

详细词源拆解:

前缀 pre‑ 提前、预先 + 词根 caut 小心、警惕 + 名词后缀 ‑ion;
本义:提前做好小心防备,引申为预防措施、防备、警惕。
同根:caution 谨慎 → precaution 预先防备。

词汇家族

caution(n. 谨慎;v. 警告)
→ cautious(adj. 谨慎的)
→ precaution(n. 预防措施)
precautionary(adj. 预防的)/prɪˈkɔːʃənəri/

必记高频搭配

take precautions 采取预防措施

We should take precautions against colds in cold winter days.

safety precaution 安全防范措施

Follow all safety precautions when you do outdoor sports.

as a precaution 作为防备

Keep some water as a precaution for unexpected accidents.

关键使用提醒

  1. 高频固定搭配:take precautions (against sth) 采取(针对… 的)预防措施,中考高频。

    Students take precautions against fire risks at school every term.
    学生每学期在校做好火灾风险防范。
  2. 可数名词,复数:precautions。
  3. 词根记忆:pre‑提前 + caution 小心 → 提前小心 = 预防措施。

New words:

caution

n. 小心;谨慎;慎重
n. 警告;警示;善意提醒
v. 警告;提醒;劝… 小心

词汇家族

caution(n. 谨慎;v. 警告)→ cautious(adj. 谨慎的)→ cautiously(adv. 谨慎地)
caution → precaution(n. 预防措施)

必记高频搭配

with caution 小心地;谨慎地

You must always drive with great caution on wet rainy days.

a word of caution 一句警告;善意提醒

Let me give you a very useful word of caution first.

caution sb about sth 警告 / 提醒某人某事

Our teachers caution us about online safety at school every day.

throw caution to the winds 不顾一切;鲁莽行事

You should never throw caution to the winds when making choices.

关键使用提醒

  1. 中考高频固定搭配:

    with caution 小心地、caution sb about/against sth 警告某人提防某事,完形阅读常考。
    Please handle the fragile glass bottle with great caution.
    请格外小心地拿这个易碎的玻璃瓶。
  2. 动词核心用法:caution 后可接双宾语,或 caution sb (not) to do sth 提醒某人(不要)做某事。

    My mother always cautions me not to talk to strange people.
    妈妈总是提醒我不要和陌生人说话。
  3. 词形联动记忆:caution 是名词 / 动词,加后缀 -ious 直接变成形容词 cautious,一起记忆更省力。

New words:

cautious [ˈkɔʃəs] adj. 小心的;谨慎的;慎重的

详细词源拆解:

词根 caut- 小心、警惕 + 形容词后缀 -ious;
本源本义:时刻留意、提防风险,引申为小心谨慎的、慎重的、不鲁莽的。
同根关联:caution n. 小心;警告 → cautious 谨慎的。

词汇家族

caution(n. 谨慎;警告)
→ cautious(adj. 谨慎的)
→ cautiously(adv. 谨慎地)

必记高频搭配

be cautious about 对…… 谨慎

We must be cautious about strange people around us.

be cautious with 慎重对待

Be cautious with your words in public social places.

cautious attitude 谨慎的态度

Keep a cautious attitude toward new online information.

cautious decision 慎重的决定

Make a cautious decision before you take any action.

cautiously (adv. 谨慎地)

He cautiously checks every detail of his school exam paper.

关键使用提醒

  1. be cautious about / be cautious of 对…… 谨慎 / 提防
  2. 写作高级替换:用 cautious 替换普通 careful,提升文采。
  3. 词形记忆:caution 名词 → cautious 形容词,后缀 -ious 表充满某种特质。

cautious