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New words:

nail [neɪl]

n. 指甲;趾甲
n. 钉子
v. 钉牢;固定;抓住;敲定

详细词源拆解:

源自古英语,本义指指甲、趾甲;后引申为钉子;动词由名词引申,表钉牢;抓住;敲定。

词汇家族

nail(n. 指甲;钉子 v. 钉牢)→ nailed(adj. 带钉的;钉牢的)

必记高频搭配

finger nail 手指甲

You should cut your finger nail short to keep clean every week.

a iron nail 铁钉

He uses an iron nail to fix the broken wooden box tightly.

nail down 敲定;确定

We need to nail down our travel plan before the coming holiday.

nail sth to… 把某物钉在……

Please nail this notice to the wall for all students to see clearly.

关键使用提醒

  1. 复数:nails(指甲 / 钉子)。
  2. 口语高频:nail it 搞定、做得很棒。

    You nailed it in today’s English speaking test.
    你今天口语测试表现很棒,完美搞定。
  3. 固定短语:nail down 敲定、确定,完形阅读常考。

New words:

maintain [meɪnˈteɪn]
v. 维持;保持(状态、关系、秩序)
v. 保养;维修;养护
v. 坚持认为;断言

详细词源拆解:

词根 main- 手、力量 + tain 拿、握住;
本义 “用手牢牢握住、守住”,引申为维持、保持;保养;坚持认为。
同根:contain 包含、obtain 获得、retain 保留。

词汇家族

maintain(v. 维持;坚持认为)→ maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns](n. 维持;保养;维修)

必记高频搭配

maintain good health 保持健康

Sleeping is said to be the best method to maintain good health, so enjoy sleeping!

maintain friendship 维持友谊

Honesty and care help us maintain long‑term true friendship.

maintain order 维持秩序

Students should help maintain order in our busy school library.

maintain that… 坚持认为……

He maintains that hard work can change our whole future life.

maintenance (n. 保养;维持) [ˈmeɪntənəns]

Regular maintenance keeps our school equipment in good condition.

关键使用提醒

  1. 写作高级替换:用 maintain 替换 keep,提升作文档次。
  2. 名词变形:maintenance 不可数,表维修、保养、赡养费。
  3. 高频句型:maintain that + 从句 坚持认为……,阅读完形常考。

maintain

New words:

skim [skɪm]

v. 略读;快速浏览(文章)
v. 掠过;擦过;滑过
v. 撇去(牛奶等表面浮物)

详细词源拆解:

源自古法语,本义 “撇去液体表面浮沫、掠过表面”;
引申出两层核心义:快速浏览(阅读)、掠过;撇去。

词汇家族

skim(v. 略读;掠过)→ skimming(n. 略读;脱脂)

必记高频搭配

skim through 快速浏览;略读

I skim through the passage to get its main general idea quickly.

skim a book 略读一本书

You can skim this book when you have little free spare time.

skim over 掠过;滑过

Swallows often skim over water when they hunt for small flying insects.

skim off 撇去;去除

We skim off fat from soup to make our daily meals much healthier.

skimming (n. 略读)

Skimming is a useful skill for middle‑school English reading tests.

关键使用提醒

  1. 阅读必考点:skim(略读抓大意) vs scan(扫读找细节),完形 / 阅读高频辨析。
  2. 常用短语:skim through / skim over 快速浏览。
  3. 变形:过去式 / 过去分词 skimmed,现在分词 skimming

New words:

frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/

adj. 频繁的;时常发生的;屡次的
v. 常去;经常出入(某地)

详细词源拆解:

词根 frequ- 多、拥挤、大量 + 后缀 ‑ent;
本义 “次数多、经常出现”,引申为频繁的、时常的;常去、出入。

词汇家族

frequent(adj. 频繁的;v. 常去)
→ frequently(adv. 频繁地)
→ frequency(n. 频率;次数)
→ infrequent(adj. 不常发生的;罕见的)

必记高频搭配

frequent visits 频繁的拜访

He makes frequent visits to the old people’s home nearby.

frequent a place 常去某地

Many students frequent the library after finishing daily classes.

frequently (adv. 频繁地)

We should frequently communicate with our family members.

frequency (n. 频率)

The frequency of exams makes students improve their learning skills.

infrequent(adj. 不常发生的;罕见的;偶尔的)

Infrequent rain brings dry weather to this northern city.

关键使用提醒

  1. 一词两性:形容词读 /ˈfriːkwənt/;动词重读第二音节 /frɪˈkwent/。
  2. 写作高级替换:用 frequent 替换 often,提升句式高级感。
  3. 反义词:infrequent 罕见的、不常有的,阅读常考。

New words:

precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ n. 预防措施;防备;预先警惕、

详细词源拆解:

前缀 pre‑ 提前、预先 + 词根 caut 小心、警惕 + 名词后缀 ‑ion;
本义:提前做好小心防备,引申为预防措施、防备、警惕。
同根:caution 谨慎 → precaution 预先防备。

词汇家族

caution(n. 谨慎;v. 警告)
→ cautious(adj. 谨慎的)
→ precaution(n. 预防措施)
precautionary(adj. 预防的)/prɪˈkɔːʃənəri/

必记高频搭配

take precautions 采取预防措施

We should take precautions against colds in cold winter days.

safety precaution 安全防范措施

Follow all safety precautions when you do outdoor sports.

as a precaution 作为防备

Keep some water as a precaution for unexpected accidents.

关键使用提醒

  1. 高频固定搭配:take precautions (against sth) 采取(针对… 的)预防措施,中考高频。

    Students take precautions against fire risks at school every term.
    学生每学期在校做好火灾风险防范。
  2. 可数名词,复数:precautions。
  3. 词根记忆:pre‑提前 + caution 小心 → 提前小心 = 预防措施。