New words：

vital/ˈvaɪtl/

adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的
adj. 充满生机的，鲜活的

详细词源拆解：

词根 viv/vit=life 生命（与 vivid、vitality 同词根，源自拉丁语 vita 生命）；
后缀 - al 形容词后缀，表 “和生命相关的”。

联想：维生素（Vitamin）也是从 vita 来 → 维持生命必需的 → 所以 vital 就是“生命攸关的，极其重要的”。

词义演变：维系生命必不可少的→至关重要的；富有生命力的。

词汇家族

vivid → vital (adj.) → vitality (n. 活力) → vitally (adv.)

必记高频搭配

充满活力的（形容人或事物的状态）

She came back from the trip looking vital and relaxed.

It is vital to do sth 做某事至关重要

It is vital to check answers carefully before handing papers.

it is vital (that) + 从句 做某事极其重要（从句常用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，或直接用动词原形）

It is vital that you (should) arrive on time.

be vital to/for sth 对…… 必不可少，to 更常用

Fresh water is vital to all living things on our planet.

vitally (adv. 极其，紧要地)

It is vitally important to finish daily homework on time.

New words：

vividness /ˈvɪvɪdnəs/ n. 生动性；生动逼真；色泽鲜艳度；鲜活感

必记高频搭配

I still remember the vividness of the scene in his old story.

The painting wins praise for the vividness of its bright colours.

We add small details to improve the vividness of our short essay.

关键使用提醒

1. 作文加分：替换普通 energy，描写景物、人文场景

Green plants bring natural vitality to our crowded city streets.

New words：

vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/
adj.（描述、回忆）生动形象的、栩栩如生的
adj.（颜色）鲜艳亮丽的

详细词源拆解：

词根 viv = 生命、活着（live 同源），拉丁语原形 vivus（鲜活的、有生命力的）；
词义演变：富有生命力 → 色彩鲜亮；画面鲜活 → 描述生动逼真。
同根联动：vivid (adj. 生动的) → vitality (n. 活力) → survive (v. 存活) → revive (v. 复苏)

词汇家族

vivid (adj. 生动的)
→ vividly (adv. 生动地)
→ vividness (n. 生动；鲜艳)
→ vitality (n. 活力)
→ survive (v. 存活)
→ revive (v. 复苏)

必记高频搭配

vivid memory 清晰鲜活生动的回忆

I still have vivid memories of playing with my childhood pals.
He gave a vivid description of the event.

vivid colours 鲜亮的色彩

The butterfly has vivid colours on its thin beautiful wings.

vividly (adv. 生动地；鲜明地)

The old man vividly tells us stories about his young days.

关键使用提醒

1. 修饰对象：可修饰文字、回忆、色彩、画面，不能直接修饰人活泼

   His vivid report helps us know more about countryside life.
   他生动的汇报让我们更加了解乡村生活。

2. 写作高分词：替换 good/good-looking，提升作文文采

   The vivid scenery in the novel leaves a deep impression on me.
   小说里鲜活的景致给我留下深刻印象。

New words：

settler/ˈsetlər/ n. 移居者；殖民者；开荒定居的人

settlement /ˈsetlmənt/ n.（小型）定居点、村落;（争端、矛盾）和解，妥善解决

Sample Sentences

Many settlers came here hundreds of years ago from Europe.
Those settlers learned to grow new fruit from native people.

After weeks of talks, they finally got a satisfying settlement.
Those brave settlers worked to build their first small settlement.

New words：

settle /ˈsetl/

v. 解决（争端、问题）
v. 定居；安家落户
v.（泥沙、尘土）下沉，沉淀

详细词源拆解：

词根 set（安放、固定） + 指小后缀 -le；本义 “安放妥当、固定下来”。
词义演变：① 事物固定→解决（纠纷、问题）； ② 人落脚安家→定居； ③ 杂质下沉→沉淀。

词汇家族

set (v. 放置)
→ settle (v. 解决；定居；沉淀)
→ settlement (n. 定居点；解决)
→ settler (n. 移民；殖民者)

必记高频搭配

settle problems 解决问题

We work together to settle all difficult study problems.

settle a quarrel 平息争吵

Parents help settle a quarrel between the two little boys.

settle in a place 在某地定居

Many families choose to settle in this quiet small town.

settle down 安定下来；静下心

Try to settle down and focus on your daily homework.
Leave the water still to let the mud settle to the bottom.

关键使用提醒

1. 变形：不规则变化，过去式 settled，无双写 t

2. 固定短语：settle on sth 商定、选定某物 / 方案

   We settle on blue as the color of our class uniform.
   我们敲定蓝色作为班服的选用颜色。

3. settle down 两层常用含义：①静下心 ②安稳定居

   He wants to settle down and live a simple peaceful life.
   他想要安定下来，过上平淡安稳的日子。