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New words:

suburb [ˈsʌˌbɜrb] n. 郊区;城外;近郊;郊外

由前缀 sub-(在… 下方 / 周边) + 词根 urb-(城市,源自拉丁语 “urbs”)构成,字面意思是 “城市周边的区域”,核心语义围绕 “城市外围的居住区” 展开。

suburban [səˈbɜrbən] adj. 郊区的;城外的;

由名词 “suburb”(郊区) + 形容词后缀 “-an”(表 “与… 相关的、属于… 的”)构成,字面意思是 “属于郊区的”,核心语义围绕 “城市郊区的、具有郊区特征的” 展开。

必记搭配:

live in the suburbs(住在郊区)
suburban area(郊区,= suburb)
suburban neighborhood(城郊社区)

Sample Sentences:

My family lives in a suburb of Beijing.
Do you prefer living in the city or the suburbs?
Suburban streets are usually wider than city streets.


易混词辨析(urban rural suburban)

New words:

urban [ˈɜrbən] adj.城市的;都市的;市区的

源自拉丁语 “urbanus”,源自 “urbs”(意为 “城市”),核心语义围绕 “城市的、与城市相关的” 展开,无其他延伸义,语义单一且明确。

rural [ˈrʊrəl] adj.乡村的;农村的;乡下的

源自拉丁语 “ruralis”,源自 “rus”(意为 “乡村、田野”),核心语义围绕 “农村的、乡村的、与乡村相关的” 展开,语义单一明确,无其他延伸义。

必记搭配:

urban area(城市地区)、urban life(都市生活)、urban population(城市人口)

urban and rural areas(城市和农村地区)、urban problem(城市问题,如交通拥堵、污染等)

rural development(农村发展)、rural education(农村教育)、rural healthcare(农村医疗)


Sample Sentences:

Many people move to urban areas for better jobs.
Many young people leave rural areas to work in cities.
The urban population is growing faster than the rural population.


New words:

league [liɡ] n. 联赛;联盟;(质量、能力等的)等级,级别,水平

源自古法语 “ligue”,源自拉丁语 “ligare”(意为 “捆绑、连接”)

核心语义围绕 “将人 / 组织连接在一起” 展开,延伸为 “联盟、社团

后又衍生出 “体育联赛”(由多个球队组成的组织)和 “等级差距”(因能力 / 地位不同而形成的 “隔阂”)。


必记搭配:

联盟 / 社团

international league(国际联盟)、league of nations(国际联盟,专有名词)、form a league(成立联盟)

体育联赛

football league(足球联赛)、basketball league(篮球联赛)、national league(全国联赛)、win the league(赢得联赛冠军)

等级差距

in a different league(不是一个档次)、in a higher/lower league(更高 / 低档次)、own league(独一档)

Sample Sentences:

The NBA is the top basketball league in the world.
The United Nations is an international league for peace.
His English skills are in a different league — no one can match him.


New words:

gap [ɡæp] n. 差距;间隙;缺口;间隔

源自古英语 “gæp”,本义是 “裂缝、开口”

核心语义围绕 “两者之间的空白、间隔” 展开,可指具体的物理空间,也可指抽象的时间、认知、差距等。

gapless ['ɡæples] n. 无间隙;无缝的

gap-fill 填空;填空的


必记搭配:

具体场景(空间 / 时间):

gap between A and B(A 和 B 之间的空隙 / 间隔)
small/big/large gap(小 / 大缺口 / 间隔)
fill the gap(填补缺口 / 空隙)
gap in the wall/road/floor(墙 / 路 / 地板上的缺口)
time gap(时间间隔)

抽象场景(差距 / 空白):

gap between rich and poor(贫富差距)
gap between expectations and reality(期望与现实的差距)
gap in knowledge/vocabulary(知识 / 词汇空白)
gap in resume/work experience(简历 / 工作经历空白)
close/narrow the gap(缩小差距)
widen the gap(扩大差距)

固定短语

generation gap(代沟,特指长辈和晚辈之间的观念差距)
gap year(间隔年,指学业或工作之间的休息年)
communication gap(沟通隔阂,指人与人之间的沟通障碍)

Sample Sentences:

Leave a gap between your car and the next.
There’s a big gap between urban and rural education.
Students need to do gap-fill exercises to practice grammar.


urban [ˈɜrbən] adj.城市的;都市的;市区的

rural [ˈrʊrəl] adj.乡村的;农村的;乡下的

New words:

widen [ˈwaɪd(ə)n] v.拓宽;加宽;放宽;(使)变宽

由形容词 “wide”(宽的) + 动词后缀 “-en”(使… 变得)构成,字面意思是 “使某物变得更宽

核心语义围绕 “具体事物的宽度增加” 或 “抽象事物的差距、范围变宽” 展开。


必记搭配:

具体场景(物理宽度):

widen the street/road/bridge(加宽街道 / 道路 / 桥梁)
widen the river/channel(加宽河道 / 水道)
widen the gap/space(加宽间距 / 空间)
widen clothes/skirts(放宽衣服 / 裙子)

抽象场景(差距、范围):

widen the gap between A and B(扩大 A 和 B 之间的差距)
widen one’s understanding/horizons(拓宽某人的理解 / 视野)
widen the lead(扩大领先优势)
widen the divide(扩大分歧)

固定短语

widen gradually(逐渐加宽)
widen significantly(显著扩大)
continue to widen(持续扩大)

Sample Sentences:

Can you widen the gap between the two shelves?
The team’s victory widened their lead in the league.


gap [ɡæp] n. 差距;间隙;缺口;间隔

league [liɡ] n. 联赛;联盟;协会;种类