New words：

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

n. 订婚；婚约
n. 参与；投入
n. 约会；预约；事务安排

详细词源拆解：

词根：engage（v. 约定、投入、使忙碌）+ 名词后缀 -ment（表行为、状态、相关事物）。
词源本源：源自 en-（使）+ gage（承诺、契约），本义为 “定下约定”。
词义演变：订立承诺 → 婚约、约会；投入行动 → 参与、投身；事务缠身 → 工作安排、预约。

Sample Sentence

His engagement in sports keeps him strong and healthy.

I have an important engagement and cannot go out today.

Our teacher praises our full engagement in class activities.

They announced their engagement to all their close friends.

关键使用提醒

语体用法：正式词汇，书面写作、正式场景优先使用，口语多用 date/appointment

例句：His engagement in public activities is widely known.
翻译：他积极参与公共活动，这一点众人皆知。

New words：

engaged /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/

adj. 忙于…… 的；专心投入的
adj. 已订婚的
adj. （电话、座位、房间）被占用的

详细词源拆解：

源自动词 engage（en - 使 + gage 承诺、约束），动词表 “卷入、约定、忙于”；

加后缀 -ed 转化为形容词，语义沿用词根逻辑：

1. 被事务牵绊 → 忙碌的、投入的；
2. 立下婚约约定 → 已订婚的；
3. 被占用 →（场地、线路）使用中的

必记高频搭配

be engaged in 忙于；专心从事

SWhen I came in, he was engaged in writing a short article.

be engaged with 忙于应付；与… 交谈

The teacher is engaged with students after class today.

get engaged 订婚

The young couple got engaged last spring holiday.

fully engaged 全身心投入

All players are fully engaged in the fierce match now.

被占用 →（场地、线路）使用中的

The seat beside the window is already engaged by a girl.

关键使用提醒

1. 核心固定搭配 be engaged in (doing) sth，表 “忙于 / 专心做某事”

2. 表 “订婚” 常用搭配：be/get engaged to sb（与某人订婚，介词用 to）

   Her elder sister is engaged to a kind young man.
   她的姐姐和一位善良的青年订了婚。

3. 区分词义场景：描述人优先 “忙碌 / 订婚”；描述电话、场地多用 “被占用”

   I tried to call you, but your phone was always engaged.
   我试着给你打电话，可你的电话一直占线。

4. 语体说明：比普通单词 busy 更正式，书面写作、正式场景优先使用

   The scientists are engaged in important research every day.
   这些科学家每日都投身于重要的研究工作。

New words：

engage [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]

v. 参与；从事；忙于
v. 与…… 交谈、沟通
v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）

详细词源拆解：

前缀 en-（使进入、使处于） + 词根 gage（抵押、承诺），本义 “立下约定、卷入其中”。
词义演变：订立约定 → 参与活动、投入做事； 主动交谈；聘用、雇佣；使忙于。

词汇家族

engage (v. 参与；吸引；聘用)
→ engaged (adj. 忙碌的；订婚的)
→ engagement (n. 参与；约会；约定)

必记高频搭配

engage in 参与，从事

We often engage in sports activities after school.

engage with others 与人交流

She likes to engage with new friends at the school party.

engage one's attention 吸引注意力

The funny story engages all children's attention fully.

engage in study 专心学习

You should engage in your lessons in class carefully.

关键使用提醒

1. 核心搭配：engage in + 名词 / 动名词，表示 “参与、从事”

   He likes to engage in writing in his free time.
   他闲暇时喜欢投身写作。

2. 书面优势：正式程度高，写作可替换 take part in 提升档次

   More students engage in volunteer work in our school.
   我校有越来越多的学生参与志愿工作。

New words：

arise/əˈraɪz/

v. （问题、困难、矛盾）出现，产生
v. （正式）起身，起立；升起
不规则变化：过去式 arose，过去分词 arisen，现在分词 arising

详细词源拆解：

前缀 a-（加强语义）+ 词根 rise（升起、出现），古英语本义 “向上起身”。
词义演变：起身、升起 → （问题、困难、局面）自然出现、产生；（情绪、感觉）浮现。

词汇家族

arise (v. 出现；起身) → arising (adj. 新兴的；正在出现的)

必记高频搭配

arise from 由…… 引起 / 产生

Many problems arise from careless daily habits.

difficulties arise 困难产生

Unexpected difficulties may arise on our way forward.

questions arise 产生疑问

Some new questions arise after we read the text.

arising (adj. 正在出现的)

We need to deal with those arising problems in time.

关键使用提醒

1. 不规则变形： arise → arose（过去式）→ arisen（过去分词），易记混
2. 不及物动词，后面不直接接宾语，常搭配介词 from
3. 使用场景：多搭配 problem / trouble / question / conflict 等抽象事物，少指实物升起

4. 书面语体：正式程度高于普通词汇，写作中替换 appear 提升文采

   New challenges arise as we move into a new term.

New words：

participate/pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 参加；参与（活动、赛事、讨论等）

详细词源拆解：

前缀 par-（部分、分担） + 词根 capere（拿、参与） + 后缀 -ate（动词后缀）；
本义 “分担一部分、加入其中”。
词义演变：分担事务 → 参加活动、参与某事。

词汇家族

participate (v. 参与，参加)
→ participant (n. 参与者，参加者)
→ participation (n. 参与，参与度)

必记高频搭配

participate in activities 参加活动

All students should participate in outdoor school activities.

participate in games 参与游戏

Many kids participate in fun games on the playground.

participate in a contest 参加比赛

She decides to participate in the school singing contest.

participant (n. 参与者)

Every participant must try their best in this match.

participation (n. 参与)

Your active participation makes our activity more wonderful.

关键使用提醒

1. 固定用法：participate in + 活动 / 事件，介词 in 不可省略
2. 语体区分：比 take part in 更正式，适合书面写作、正式场景

3. 常用副词搭配：actively participate 积极参与，写作高频组合

   We actively participate in all kinds of school competitions.
   我们积极参加各类校内竞赛。